The gap between rich and poor in the US has widened markedly during the last 20 years. Middle class working families are rapidly slipping into poverty, and the poor increasingly see problems of health (over 30% obesity rates, with concomitant diabetes, cardio-vascular disease, etc.) and social health (unemployment, violence, and crime) devastating their neighborhood. These problems cluster in the poorest neighborhoods, diminishing opportunities for individuals to lift themselves out of the vicious cycle.
Aspects of the physical environment accelerated these problems. Absence of healthy food, unwalkable streets, poor public transit, neglected main streets, lack of safe streets, squares and parks, and absence of accessible employment opportunities and satisfactory schools demonstrate a long-standing negligence on the part of planners and elected officials to maintaining fundamental conditions to assure health, well-being, and minimal economic and educational standards.
A number of significant reports have recently been published proposing policies and strategies for addressing this problem.